SAMPA-C
( Ver 1.0 released in Aug. 1999, Ver. 2.0 released in
Mar. 2000)
(download Font ZCunsil4
to show IPA)
SAMPA-C originally comes from
SAMPA-X , which is a computer-readable transcription system for Standard
Chinese.
Consonents
|
PinYin |
IPA |
SAMPA-B |
PinYin |
IPA |
SAMPA-C |
|
b |
p |
p |
z |
ts |
ts |
|
p |
pH |
p_h |
c |
tsH |
ts_h |
|
m |
m |
m |
s |
s |
s |
|
f |
f |
f |
zh |
t© |
ts` |
|
d |
t |
t |
ch |
t©H |
ts_h` |
|
t |
tH |
t_h |
sh |
© |
s` |
|
n |
n |
n |
r |
¸ |
z` |
|
(a)n |
n |
_n |
|||
|
l |
l |
l |
j |
t» |
ts\ |
|
g |
k |
k |
q |
t»H |
ts_h |
|
k |
kH |
k_h |
x |
» |
s\ |
|
h |
x |
x |
|
? |
? |
|
ng |
Ð |
N |
|
|
|
vowels
| PinYin | IPA | SAMPA-C |
| a | § | A |
| o | o | o |
| e | °¤ | @ |
| i | i | i |
| u | u | u |
| ü | y | y |
| (zh)i | Ÿ | i` |
| (z)i | ¡ | i\ |
| er | Ä | @` |
Phonological vowels:
|
Phoneme |
Allophone |
SAMPA-C |
Phoneme |
Allophone |
SAMPA-C |
||
|
PinYin |
IPA |
PinYin |
IPA |
||||
|
a |
A |
a |
a |
i |
i |
i |
i |
|
A |
a_" |
I |
I |
||||
|
§ |
A |
j |
j |
||||
|
Q |
E |
ï |
Ÿ |
i` |
|||
|
P |
{ |
¡ |
i\ |
||||
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
u |
u |
U |
U |
U |
U |
u |
u |
||||
|
u |
u |
w |
w |
||||
|
È |
@ |
Ʋ |
v\ |
||||
|
e |
° |
° |
7 |
ü |
Y |
y |
y |
|
e |
e |
á |
H |
||||
|
E |
E_r |
er |
Ä |
Ä |
@` |
||
|
È |
@ |
|
|
|
|
||
Phonological consonants:
|
Phoneme |
Allophone |
SAMPA-C |
Phoneme |
Allophone |
SAMPA-C |
|||
|
PinYin |
IPA |
PinYin |
IPA |
|||||
|
b |
p |
p |
p |
z |
ts |
ts |
ts |
|
|
p |
pH |
pH |
p_h |
c |
tsH |
tsH |
ts_h |
|
|
m |
m |
m |
m |
s |
s |
s |
s |
|
|
f |
f |
f |
f |
zh |
t© |
t© |
ts` |
|
|
d |
t |
t |
t |
ch |
t©H |
t©H |
ts`_h |
|
|
t |
tH |
tH |
t_h |
sh |
© |
© |
s` |
|
|
n |
n |
n |
n |
r |
¸ |
¸ |
z` |
|
|
(a)n |
n |
n |
_n |
|||||
|
l |
l |
l |
l |
j |
t» |
t» |
ts\ |
|
|
g |
k |
k |
k |
q |
t»H |
t»H |
ts\_h |
|
|
k |
kH |
kH |
k_h |
x |
» |
» |
s\ |
|
|
h |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ng |
Ð |
Ð |
N |
|
|
|
|
|
Initials of SC:
|
Method of articulatory |
place of articulatory |
PinYin |
IPA |
SAMPA-C |
examples |
|
|
labial |
b |
p |
p |
ba, bi, bu, bai,… |
|
labiodental |
|
|
|
||
|
dentalveolar |
d |
t |
t |
de, da, di, du, … |
|
|
retroflex |
|
|
|
||
|
dorsal |
|||||
|
velar |
g |
k |
k |
ge, gu, ga, |
|
|
|
labial |
p |
pH |
p_h |
po, pa, pu, pang, … |
|
labiodental |
|
|
|
||
|
dentalveolar |
t |
!tH |
t_h |
||
|
retroflex |
|||||
|
dorsal |
|||||
|
velar |
k |
kH |
k_h |
ke, ku, kong, kan kun,… |
|
|
affrictives |
labial |
||||
|
labiodental |
|||||
|
dentalveolar |
z |
ts |
ts |
zi, zu, zou, za, … |
|
|
retroflex |
zh |
t© |
ts` |
zhi, zha, zhang,… |
|
|
dorsal |
j |
t» |
ts\ |
ji, jv, jiang,… |
|
|
音velar |
|||||
|
aspirated affricates |
labial |
||||
|
labiodental |
|||||
|
dentalveolar |
c |
tsH |
ts_h |
ci, ca, cong,… |
|
|
retroflex |
ch |
t©H |
ts`_h |
zhi, chu, cha, chou,… |
|
|
dorsal |
q |
t»H |
ts\_h |
||
|
velar |
|||||
|
|
labial |
m |
m |
m |
ma, mi, mo, men,… |
|
labiodental |
|||||
|
dentalveolar |
n |
n |
n |
na, ni, nu, neng,… |
|
|
retroflex |
|||||
|
dorsal |
|||||
|
velar |
|||||
|
|
labial |
||||
|
labiodental |
f |
f |
f |
fa, fu, fou, fang,… |
|
|
dentalveolar |
s |
s |
s |
si, su, sa, song,… |
|
|
retroflex |
sh |
© |
s` |
shu, sha, shan,… |
|
|
r |
!¸ |
z\ |
ri, ru, re, ruan,… |
||
|
dorsal |
x |
» |
s\ |
xi, xia, xiang,… |
|
|
velar |
h |
x |
x |
ha, he, hu, hun,… |
|
|
|
labial |
||||
|
labiodental |
|||||
|
dentalveolar |
l |
l |
l |
la, li, lu, lang,… |
|
|
retroflex |
|||||
|
dorsal |
|||||
|
velar |
Finals of SC
|
methods of articulation |
PinYin |
IPA |
SAMPA_C |
EXAMPLES |
|
|
a |
A |
a_" |
ba, a, |
|
o |
o |
o |
po, bo, fo,… |
|
|
e |
° |
7 |
e, ke, ge, he, … |
|
|
ai |
aI |
aI |
ai, sai, shai,… |
|
|
ei |
ei |
ei |
fei, hei, … |
|
|
ao |
§U |
AU |
ao, hao, kao,… |
|
|
ou |
Èu |
@U |
ou, hou, fou,… |
|
|
an |
an |
an |
an, fan, kan, san,… |
|
|
en |
Èn |
@n |
en, |
|
|
ang |
§Ð |
AN |
ang, pang, bang,… |
|
|
eng |
ÈÐ |
@N |
beng, peng, feng,… |
|
|
i1(zi) |
¡ |
i\ |
zi,ci,si |
|
|
i2(zhi) |
Ÿ |
i` |
zhi,chi,shi |
|
|
|
i |
i |
i |
Yi, ji, bi, ji, xi, … |
|
ia |
iA |
ia_" |
Ya, qia, xia, … |
|
|
ie |
iE |
iE_r |
Ye, qie, jie, pie,… |
|
|
iao |
i§U |
iAU |
Yao, qiao, xiao, … |
|
|
iou |
iÈu |
i@U |
|
|
|
ian |
iQn |
iE_n |
Yan, qian, xian,… |
|
|
in |
in |
i_n |
Yin, jin, qin, xin,… |
|
|
iang |
i§Ð |
iAN |
Yang, xiang, qiang,… |
|
|
ing |
iÐ |
iN |
Ying, xing, qing, … |
|
|
iong |
iUÐ |
iUN |
yong, xiong, qiong, … |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
wu, fu, gu, hu, …. |
|
ua |
uA |
ua_" |
wa, kua, hua, … |
|
|
uo |
uo |
uo |
wo, huo, guo, luo, duo,… |
|
|
uai |
uaI |
uaI |
wai, kuai, … |
|
|
ui |
uei |
uei |
wei, gui,… |
|
|
uan |
uan |
ua_n |
wan, duan, suan,… |
|
|
uen |
uÈn |
u@_n |
wen, fen, cen, men,… |
|
|
uang |
u§Ð |
uAN |
wang, huang, chuang,.., |
|
|
ong |
uÐ |
UN |
hong, gong, dong,… |
|
|
ueng |
uÈÐ |
u@N |
weng, feng, seng,… |
|
|
|
ü |
y |
y |
yu, xv, … |
|
üe |
yE |
yE_r |
yue, que, xue,… |
|
|
üan |
yPn |
y{_n |
yan, xuan, quan, … |
|
|
ün |
yn |
y_n |
yun, |
Retrofelxed finals
|
methods of articulation |
pinyin |
IPA |
SAMPA-C |
EXAMPLES |
|
open |
eir |
Èr |
@` |
leir |
|
ar |
Ar |
a` |
par |
|
|
or |
or |
o` |
mor |
|
|
er |
°r |
7` |
ger |
|
|
aor |
§or |
Ao` |
daor |
|
|
our |
our |
ou` |
gour |
|
|
angr |
a!!‹r |
a~` |
gangr |
|
|
engr |
È!‹r |
@~` |
dengr |
|
|
stretched |
ir |
Èr |
i@` |
jir |
|
iar |
iar |
ia` |
iar |
|
|
ier |
iEr |
Ie_o` |
jier |
|
|
iaor |
i§or |
iAo` |
jiaor |
|
|
iour |
iour |
iou` |
qiur |
|
|
iangr |
ia!!‹r |
i@~` |
liangr |
|
|
ingr |
iÈ!‹r |
i@~` |
ingr |
|
|
iongr |
iu!‹r |
iu~` |
xiongr |
|
|
round
|
ueir |
uÈr |
u@` |
gueir |
|
uair |
uar |
ua` |
guair |
|
|
uor |
uor |
uo` |
uor |
|
|
uangr |
ua!!‹r |
ua~` |
kuangr |
|
|
uengr |
uÈ!‹r |
u@` |
uengr |
|
|
ungr |
u!‹r |
u~` |
kongr |
|
|
portruded
|
ür |
yÈr |
y@` |
yur |
|
üer |
yEr |
yE_r` |
yuer |
|
|
üanr |
yar |
ya` |
yuanr |
Sound
changes
in running speech：
|
contents |
IPA | SAMPA-C |
examples |
|
centralized |
e!ƒ |
_’’ |
|
|
voiceless |
n!% |
_u |
n_u |
|
voiced |
!dΠ|
_v |
|
|
more rounded |
|
_O |
O_O |
|
syllabic |
\ |
= |
M= |
|
pharyngealized |
Øt/ |
_?\ |
A_?\ |
|
nasalization |
a‹ |
~ |
i~ |
| insertion | （ +） | （N+） | |
| deletion | （ -） | (i-) |
Tones and silence:
|
contents |
SAMPA-C |
examples |
|
silence |
sil |
|
|
voiced silence |
sil_v |
|
|
neutral tone |
ba_0 |
ba0 吧 |
|
Tone 1 |
ba_1 |
ba1 巴 |
|
Tone 2 |
ba_2 |
ba2 拔 |
|
Tone 3 |
ba_3 |
ba3 把 |
|
Tone 4 |
ba_4 |
ba4 罢 |