杨 敏

（女，2014级博士，专业：汉语言文字学，研究方向：训诂学，导师：孟蓬生）

　　摘  要

　　詞彙斷代是漢語詞彙史研究的基礎，只有將漢語詞彙發展歷程中每個階段的詞彙進行系統地整理和研究，然後再對比每個階段漢語詞彙的面貌，總結漢語詞彙的演變軌跡和發展規律，這樣既有橫向考察，又有縱向對比的研究，才能讓漢語詞彙史的研究更加系統和科學。金文作爲現在可看到的西周最重要的文獻材料，是研究西周漢語詞彙最重要、最可靠的第一手材料。我們通過整理目前可見的斷代爲西周的金文6773篇，根據現有研究成果整理出1801個詞義項和6個成語。并根據這些詞義項目前所見最早出現的時間分爲商代、西早、西中和西晚四個時段，這樣做的目的是爲漢語詞彙史研究及西周金文的釋讀提供依據。

　　本文共分爲三個部分:

　　第一部分爲緒論，介紹了本課題研究的目的和意義、西周金文詞彙研究的現狀以及本課題的研究方案和創新之處。

　　第二部分爲論文正文，共分爲八章：

　　第一章分爲兩小節，第一小節介紹了郭沫若、容庚、陳夢家、馬承源、王世民以及吳鎮烽等諸位對西周金文的斷代工作及斷代標準。第二小節介紹了西周金文詞彙的概況，將1801個詞義項和6個成語分爲四個時期，并按照詞性進行統計，製作了西周金文詞彙數據表以及西周金文複音詞數據表，以便讀者對西周金文詞彙的數據分佈有一個初步認識。

　　第二章至第五章是將部分在詞義上有發展變化的詞按照時期分爲四章，每章又按照詞性進行歸類，對部分詞詞義的發展變化做了分析以及舉例，編排順序盡量按照音序排列，部分詞按類排列在一起。這一部分是本論文的重點部分。

　　第六章例舉了部分在釋讀中存疑的詞，以期將來得到解決。

　　第七章討論了西周金文的新詞，所謂新詞就是不見於西周以前的詞。我們從新詞產生的原因和新詞產生的途徑兩個方面進行了討論。我們認爲新詞產生的原因主要有文獻材料的不同、社會生活的發展變化和對現實世界認識的不斷深入三個原因。而新詞產生的途徑主要有原生造詞、舊詞派生和合成三種方式，西周金文新詞的產生途徑以舊詞派生爲主要方式。

　　第八章我們分析了部分西周金文詞在功能表達上具有模糊性和不確定性，并提出在西周金文釋讀過程中應該盡量照顧被釋讀字在其它銘文中的釋讀，使該字所記錄的詞能統一於西周金文詞彙的系統中。

　　第三部分是附錄《西周金文詞典》，我們將西周所有金文詞彙按照音序進行了排列，並對每個單義詞以及多義詞的每個義項的詞性進行標註，解釋詞義並舉例，最後標出單義詞以及多義詞每個義項目前最早出現的時段。

　　關鍵詞：詞彙；斷代；西周金文

　　Abstract

　　Lexical generation is the basis for the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary. Only when each stage of development of the Chinese Vocabulary systematically and studied, and then compared each stage of Chinese vocabulary features, then summarizes the evolution and development of Chinese vocabulary, so that both the transverse and longitudinal comparative study, the history of Chinese vocabulary can be made more systematicly and scientificly. Bronze inscriptions, as the most important literature material in the Western Zhou Dynasty, are the most important and reliable first-hand materials for the study of Chinese vocabulary in the Western Zhou Dynasty. By sorting out 6773 inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty which can be seen at present, According to the existing research results, 1801 lexical items and 6 idioms are sorted out. According to the earliest time that these words appeared at present, they can be divided into four periods: Shang Dynasty, Western Zhou Early Period, Western Zhou Middle Period and Western Zhou Late Period. The purpose of this is to provide a basis for the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary and the interpretation of Jinwen in Western Zhou Dynasty.

　　This paper is divided into three parts.

　　The first part is the introduction, which introduces the purpose and significance of the research, the current situation of the study of Jinwen vocabulary in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the research plan and innovation of this topic.

　　The second part is the main body of the paper, which is divided into eight chapters.

　　The first chapter is divided into two sections. The first section introduces the dynastic work and criteria of Guo Moruo, Rong Geng, Chen Mengjia, Ma Chengyuan, Wang Shimin and Wu Zhenfeng. The second section introduces the general situation of Jinwen vocabulary in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It divides 1801 lexical items and 6 idioms into four periods. According to the part of speech statistics, it makes a data table of Jinwen vocabulary in the Western Zhou Dynasty and a data table of Jinwen polyphonic words in the Western Zhou Dynasty, so that readers can have a preliminary understanding of the data distribution of Jinwen vocabulary in the Western Zhou Dynast.

　　Chapter 2 to Chapter 5 divides some words which have developed and changed in meaning into four chapters according to the period. Each chapter classifies them according to the part of speech. The development and change of some words'meaning are analyzed and exemplified. The arrangement order is arranged according to the phonological order as far as possible, and some words are arranged together according to the category. This part is the key part of this paper.

　　Chapter 6 illustrates some doubtful words in interpretation in order to solve them in the future.

　　Chapter 7 discusses the new words in Jinwen of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The so-called new words are words that are not found in the written materials before the Western Zhou Dynasty. We discuss the causes and ways of new words. We believe that the main reasons for the emergence of new words are the difference of literature, the development and change of social life and the deepening of the understanding of the real world. There are three ways to produce new words: original words, derivation and synthesis of old words. The main way to produce new words in Jinwen in Western Zhou Dynasty is derivation of old words.

　　In the eighth chapter, we analyze the fuzziness and uncertainty in the expression of some Jinwen words in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and propose that the interpretation of the interpreted words in other inscriptions should be taken into account as much as possible in the process of interpreting the Jinwen words in the Western Zhou Dynasty, so that the words recorded by the inscriptions can be unified in the system of Jinwen words in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

　　The third part is the appendix "Dictionary of Jinwen in Western Zhou Dynasty".We arrange all the Jinwen words in the Western Zhou Dynasty according to the phonetic order, annotate the parts of speech of each word and each meaning item of the polysemous word, explain the meaning of the word and give examples. Finally, we mark the earliest time before each meaning item of the word and polysemous word.

　　Key Words: vocabulary; dating; bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty