李桂兰

（女，2016级博士，专业：汉语言文字学，研究方向：语法化与历史句法学，导师：吴福祥）

　　摘 要

　　本文主要讨论汉语方言中总括功能词和限定-关联功能词的多功能用法和语义演变。全文由四个部分组成，即绪论、上编（总括功能词）、下编（限定-关联功能词）和结语。

　　绪论部分介绍了本文的研究对象和内容、研究现状、所选择的理论框架、研究方法、语料来源和体例说明。

　　上编部分共有三章，讨论了方言中三个具有总括功能的多功能词“（一）下（儿）”、“（一）把（连）（儿/子）”和“儘”，在指出前两者具有协同副词、总括副词、统计副词等功能和“儘”具有总括副词、致使动词及由此发展出的多种功能后，这三章分别考察了它们的多功能模式，并讨论了各功能的来源和语义演变。结果发现汉语方言中的总括副词“（一）下（儿）、（一）把（连）（儿/子）”跟“儘”的来源和演变路径不相同，前者源于“整体性”数量结构以及由此发展出的协同副词，后者源于确认语气副词。我们发现上述多功能词的多种演变路径反复见于古汉语和汉语方言中。

　　下编部分有四章，分别讨论了方言中具有限定-关联功能的多功能词“正”、“先、至、先至”，跟这些功能词有关的先行义助词，以及限定-关联功能跟总括功能的叠置问题。前两章分别先讨论了汉语南方方言中的“正”和粤语、平话中的“先、至、先至”的多功能用法，即普通话“才”所具有的多种功能和“再”所具有的关联副词功能以及先行义助词、程度副词、转折语气副词等功能，然后讨论了这些功能的来源和语义演变。发现这些词很多功能的来源和形成过程不同。第六章讨论了方言中的先行义助词，发现方言中先行义助词有六种词汇来源，其演变路径可归为四种。之后，本章进一步讨论了具有连接功能的词因省略后项内容而语法化为句末助词的相关问题，认为方言中先行义助词“再、正、可、动”等不是“征派”（即移位）而是语法化的结果。第七章讨论了总括功能和限定-关联功能的功能叠置问题，发现部分方言可以用相同形式如“就、至、哒”表达相关功能，而且类似现象也见于汉语和世界其他语言中。

　　结语部分总结了汉语方言中总括功能词和限定-关联功能词的功能和语义演变特点，并指出了本研究的不足和努力方向。

　　关键词：汉语方言；多功能词；总括；限定；关联；句末先行义助词；语义演变

　　Abstract

　　This dissertation principally deals with polysemic patterns and semantic changes of universal quantification adverbs and restrictive-connective adverbs in Sinitic languages. It consists of four parts, namely, the introduction, a first part on universal quantification adverbs, a second part on restrictive-connective adverbs, followed by the conclusion.

　　The introduction provides a preliminary introduction to the research topic, a survey of the relevant literature, and introduces the theoretical framework adopted, details on research method -ology and on the data as well as the format of the examples.

　　There are three chapters in the first part, in which we investigate three multifunctional words coding universal quantification: (yi) xia (r)（（一）下（儿））、(yi) ba (lian) (r/zi)（（一）把（连）（儿/子））and jin（儘）. After showing the first two adverbs can also encode collaborative、aggregate meanings words as well as some other meaning, and that jin（儘）can also be used as a causative verb and related meanings, these chapters futher analyze the three words’ multifunctional patterns, their sources and semantic changes. We show that the universal quantification adverbs evolved from two different conceptual sources, following two distinct pathways, that is to say, (yi) xia (r) and (yi) ba (lian) (r/zi) comes from a quantifier structure meaning“whole”or collaborative adverb, while jin is derived from a modal adverb expressing confirmation. Additionally, we find that some semantic change pathways uncovered for the multifunctional words discussed above are actually recurrent in ancient Chinese and in modern Sinitic languages.

　　The second part, constituted of four chapters, discusses the multifunctional restrictive- connective adverbs zheng（正）、xian（先）、zhi（至）、xian zhi（先至）and sentence final mood particles expressing anteriority as well as the overlapping of functions of restrictive-connective and universal quantification adverbs.The former two chapters focus on the multifunctional adverbs and their sources and on semantic changes they undergo, similar to cai（才）and zai（再）and adverb of degree and adversative adverb in mandarin.We reveal that some functions of these words are evolved from distinct source. The sixth chapter concentrates on the functions and semantic changes of sentence final mood particles expressing anteriority, for which we find six lexical sources and four pathways of semantic changes. Then, we probe into the gammaticalization process of these sentence final mood particle, which developed from connectives by the omission of the second clause, and contend that the evolution of sentence final mood particles espressing anteriority such as zai（再）、zheng（正）、ke（可）and dong（动）in Sinitic languages result from grammaticalization and not coopation. The sevennth chapter deals with the overlapping functions of universal quantification and restrictive - connective adverbs, it points out that there are some Sinitic languages expressing these functions with the same words, such as jiu（就）、zhi（至）and da（哒）. Similarly, these two meanings also show close semantic links in Chinese and other languages in the world .

　　The conclusion summarizes the characteristic of polysemic patterns of the universal quantification adverbs and restrictive-connective adverbs, and the pathways of semantic changes observed in Sinitic languages. I also point out the deficiencies of the dissertation as well as perspectives for further studies.

　　Key Words: Sinitic languages；multifunctional words；universal quantification；restrictive；connective；sentence final mood particles expressing anteriority；semantic change