孙泽方

（男，2018级博士，专业：语言学及应用语言学，研究方向：语言类型学，导师：刘丹青）

　　摘 要

　　名词像动词一样也具有时体范畴，国内语言学界对此还比较陌生。国外语言学界虽然对此做过一些研究，但相关成果也不够丰富，多是比较初步的研究，缺乏理论的总结与提升。本研究基于较为丰富的多语种语料，从语法、语义、语用、词汇等角度对名词时体范畴进行更为清晰的界定和分类、更加全面细致的描写和解释，并尝试进行理论上的总结与提升。

　　理论意义主要有：1.有助于深化对名词时体范畴的理性认识，引起学界对名词时体范畴的兴趣。2.有助于深化对动词时体范畴乃至一般的事态（TAM）范畴的研究。3.有助于揭示人类语言与认知能力的一大属性：人类语言并非百分百传递所有相关信息，语言交际是有限的编码与听说双方在语境下的脑补、默认和推理共同构成的。

　　应用意义主要有：1.有助于交际者清晰地意识到与名词时体相关的常见隐性歧义，更加准确地表达与正确地理解意义，取得交际实践的成功。2.有助于对语言精确性要求较高的场合（如合同、公文、法律文本、新闻报道、科技文本、通知公告等）排除相关歧义。3.本文汉英名词时体范畴表达上的比较可以让二语习得者关注到名词时体表达的共性和差异，从而促进英语习得。

　　本文正文共分为10章。

　　第一章是绪论，主要是界定了研究对象，对国内外相关的文献做了综述，指出了本研究的目标、意义与创新之处和语料来源。

　　第二章探讨了名词时体范畴的描写框架。提出了名词时制中“时域”和“阶”的概念。认为名词具有三种体——语法体、内部体和数量体。

　　第三章第从语法角度对名词时体范畴进行了研究。研究了名词时体标记的语法形式、时体标记名词的意义类型和时体标记名词复合体能作的句子成分。

　　第四章从语义角度研究了名词时体的“极简模型”，按照管限动词时的阶数，分别考察了管限动词时制为一阶时、二阶时句子中的名词时体范畴语义。

　　第五章从语义角度研究了名词时体的“次简模型”。按照过去时标记、将来时标记、现在时标记的顺序，对专名和身份通名的名词时体语义进行了更加深入的研究。

　　第六章从语义角度研究了名词时体的“复杂模型”，考虑了更多的变量。

　　第七章从语用角度探讨了名词时体范畴，包括与与名词时体相关的语境、语用原则、预设及歧义消解策略等。

　　第八章从词汇角度研究了名词时体范畴，包括异根替换词型与同形凝固词型两类。

　　第九章探讨了名词时体和动词时体之间的区别和联系。

　　第十章是结语，对研究进行了总结与展望。

　　关键词：名词时制；名词体貌；语法；语义；语用；词汇

　　Abstract

　　Nouns, like verbs, also have tense and aspect categories, which is still unfamiliar to domestic linguists. Although foreign linguists have done some relevant researches, relevant achivements are still not rich enough, most of which are relatively preliminary research, lacking of theoretical summary and promotion. Based on relatively rich multilingual corpus, this study makes a clearer definition and classification of noun tense and aspect categories, and makes more comprehensive and detailed description and explanation from the perspectives of grammar, semantics, pragmatics and vocabulary , trying to make a theoretical summary and improvement.

　　The theoretical significance mainly includes: 1.The study is helpful to deepen the rational understanding of and arouse academic interest in nominal tense and nominal aspect. 2. It is helpful to deepen the study of verbal tense and verbal aspect and even general TAM categories. 3. It helps to reveal a major attribute of human language and cognitive ability: human languages do not convey all relevant information, and language communication is composed of limited coding and brain complement, acquiescence and reasoning of the speaker and the listener in the context.

　　The application significance mainly includes: 1.It helps communicators to be clearly aware of the common implicit ambiguity relating to noun tense and aspect, to express and understand meaning more accurately, and achieve success of communication. 2. It is helpful to eliminate relevant ambiguities in occasions requiring high language accuracy (Such as contracts, official documents, legal texts, news reports, scientific and technological texts, notices and announcements, etc). 3. The comparison of Chinese and English nominal tense nominal aspect categories in this paper can make second language learners pay attention to the similarities and differences of nominal tense-aspect expressions, so as to promote English acquisition.

　　This paper is divided into 10 chapters.

　　The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly defines the research object, summarizes the relevant literature at home and abroad, and points out the goal, significance, innovation and corpus source of this study.

　　The second chapter discusses the descriptive framework of nominal tense and nominal aspect categories. The concepts of "time domain" and "scale" in nominal tense are proposed. It is considered that there are 3 types of nominal aspects──grammatical aspect, internal aspect and quantitative aspect.

　　The third chapter studies the nominal tense and nominal aspect from the perspective of grammar. This paper studies the grammatical form of nominal tense and aspect markers, the meaning types of tense-aspect marked nouns and the sentence components that nominal tense-aspect marked nouns complex can act as.

　　The fourth chapter studies the "simplest model" of nominal tense and aspect from the perspective of semantics. According to the scale of tense of governing finite verbs, it investigates the semantics of nominal tense and aspect in sentences with governing finite verbs whose tenses are first-scale and second-scale respectively.

　　The fifth chapter studies the "sub simplest model" of nominal tense and aspect from the perspective of semantics. According to the order of past nominal tense markers, future nominal tense markers and present nominal tense markers, this paper makes a more in-depth study on the tense aspect semantics of proper nouns and identificational common nouns.

　　The sixth chapter studies the "complex model" of nominal tense and aspect from the perspective of semantics, considering more variables.

　　The seventh chapter discusses nominal tense and aspect from the perspective of pragmatics, including the context, pragmatic principles, presupposition and ambiguity resolution strategies.

　　The eighth chapter studies nominal tense and aspect from the perspective of vocabulary, including two word classes: heterologous words and homomorphic solidification words.

　　The ninth chapter discusses the differences and connections between nominal tense-aspect and verbal tense-aspect.

　　The tenth chapter is the conclusion, which summarizes and prospects the research.

　　Key words: nominal tense; nominal aspect; grammar; semantics; pragmatics; vocabulary